RELEVANCE OF COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF BASIC TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS IN OJO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA IN LAGOS STATE.
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of the study reported is to show the relevance of computer assisted instruction (CAI) has significantly impacted on all aspects of lives particularly on education, it has radically influenced the way knowledge and information are generated, developed and transmitted in technology education. Every technology teacher must be acquainted with how to apply CAI in teaching technology education programme since teachers have a vital role in trainees skills development. Therefore, this study was designed to determine relevance of computer assisted instruction on academic performance of basic technology students in selected schools in Ojo local government area in Lagos State. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The study was guided by two research questions and two hypotheses, tested at 0.05% level of significance. The respondent for the study comprised of 49 basic technology teachers. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the research questions, while t-test statistics was employed to test the hypotheses. The findings showed that there was no significant difference in the performance of pupils exposed to “Computer Interactive Skill Package (CISP) and “Computer assisted instruction” (CAI). The study concluded that Computer Assisted Instruction can be very useful in improving teaching and active learning by doing especially where there are minimal facilities for computer assisted instruction.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgment iv
Abstract v
Table of Content vi
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction 1
Background of Study 1
Statement of Problem 7
Purpose of the Study 8
Significance of the Study 9
Research Questions 12
Delimitation of the Study 13
CHAPTER TWO
Review of Related Literature 13
Introduction 13
Meaning of Computer Assisted Instruction 14
Areas Where CAI could be Applied in
Teaching Basic Technology 15
Ways by which CAI can Influence Students’
Academic Performance 17
Ways by which CAI can Influence Students’
Psychomotor Performance 21
Competencies Required by Basic Technology
Teachers in using CAI to Influence Instruction 25
Need for CAI in Basic Technology 28
Constraints to Effective Utilization of CAI 30
Summary of Related Literature Review 31
CHAPTER THREE
Methodology 33
Research Design 33
Area of the Study 33
Population and Sampling 34
Instrument for Data Collection 34
Validation of the Instrument 35
Reliability of the Instrument 36
Method of Data Collection 36
Method of Data Analysis 37
CHAPTER FOUR
Analysis and Presentation of Data 38
Analysis of Questionnaire 38
Research Questions 38
Findings 54
Discussion of Findings 60
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary of Findings, Recommendations and Conclusion 64
Introduction 64
Re-Statement of the Problem 64
Summary of Procedure Used 66
Summary of Principal Findings 67
Conclusion 69
Recommendation 70
Suggestion for Further Studies 71
References 73
Appendix A 75
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of Study
In this age of information and communication technology (ICT), our educational system at all levels should not be found wanting, in the utilization of ICT, which will equip students with knowledge and skills to take advantage of the modern advancement in technology. Most especially in ICT. There is urgent need to integrate ICT into our education, if there must be any meaningful development of technology in Nigeria. ICT plays prominent role in advancing knowledge and skill necessary for effective functioning in the modern world.
Development in science and technology according to Akpan (1992), starts with the education of the people in science and technology. While technology education (most especially in the junior secondary school level) without ICT, its nothing but technology education of 19th century. Recipient cannot compete in the 11th century market with a 19th century model of education. Basic technology as a subject in the junior secondary school curriculum in Nigeria today, should receives significant technological support with the use of computer.
Basic technology as a core subject at the junior secondary school level is a broad based field of study in which subject like metal work, woodwork, electrical/electronics, building technology, auto-mechanics, ceramics, plastics, rubber and technical drawing, have been integrated to provide a holistic view of technology to students. The course has been carefully structured into a teaching sequence which largely consists of clear explanation and descriptions of how results are to be obtained with tools and equipment. It is a skill development study aimed at providing technical literacy for everyday living for students. In accordance with the National Policy on Education (FRN, 2004), a study of Basic Technology should fulfill the following objective:
- Preparation for useful living within the society.
- Preparation for higher education.
And, the objective of the Basic Technology curriculum according to the federal core curriculum (Federal Ministry of Education, 1985) is:
- To provide pre-vocational orientation for further training in technology;
- To provide basic technology literacy for every living; and
- To stimulate creativity.
The world is constantly changing and ways we function at homework and school are also changing. The speed at which technology has developed plays a major role in these changes. From e-mail to online classes, computers are definitely influential in our lives, and can enhance the learning processes in school in various ways. Within the increase population of computer technology, a new basic that our students must master today is the use of computer that is integrated into subject to enhance love and interest for the subjects. Computer being the most important invention of the 20th century dramatically and irrevocably change the way we live. One of the universally agreed upon implication of this, is that the educated in today’s world should be computer-literate. There is no such thing as basic scientific and technological literacy for everyday living without the use of computer.
In our junior secondary school today, basic technology is a core subject taught today in Nigeria with the conventional instruction method alone without the supplement of computer assisted learning instruction, can such education enable student acquire basic scientific and technological literacy for everyday living in today’s world? Can such education be sufficient for those who mat not proceeds further to lead useful lives in later years?
Attempts have been made by various researchers to evaluate the implementation of introductory technology programme (NERCD 1992, Awotunde 1992; Utulu 1998). It is doubtful from the evidence provided by this research report if the programme is yielding the desired results. As the policy objective of the programme are yet to be achieved.
There are now several CAI packages on different subjects in use worldwide. Similar and relevant computer assisted learning instruction packages can also be developed for use within the Nigerian school system with the right facilities provided Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) is the use of a computer system to provide instruction. The format can be from simple programme to a complex system that uses the latest technology to teach and also monitor, the learning that takes place. CAI draws on knowledge from the fields of learning, cognition, human computer interaction (HCI) amongst others. It is also known as Computer Assisted Learning (CAL), Computer-Based Education (CBE) and Computer-Based Training (CBT), Computer Assisted Instruction uses a combination of texts, graphics and video in the learning process. It is especially useful in distance learning situation (Onasanya and Asuqwo).
CAI brings with it several potential benefits as teaching/learning medium. These include self-paced learning, self-directed learning, the exercising of various sense and ability to represent content in variety of media. With self-paced learning, learner can decide what they want to learn and in what order. Learners have different learning styles and use different learning strategies. Humans are multi-sensory animals. The more senses through which we receive information, the easier it is to remember. According to Fletcher (1990), people remember 20% of what they hear, 40% of what they see and hear and 75% of what they see, hear and do. The fact that computer can enhance learning process. Meskill and Mossop (1997) reported that computers encourage learning as they provide a stimulating environment and promote enthusiasm. Computer may help the shy student who is afraid to make mistakes in the classroom situation. Also, the ability to provide quicker (and perhaps more directed) feedback is a further benefit of CAI. Other advantages using CAI include emphasis on active learning, enrichment of collaborating learning, encouragement of greater student independence and task based teaching.
Performance is an action or achievement, considered in relation to how successful it is performed. In education, students’ performance is a measure of students’ achievement in test and examinations. The performance of the students in examinations and tests to some extent are reflections of how well the programmes have been effectively implemented and consequently the extent to which the students’ is hinged on a dedication and competences of the teachers and the instructional process employed in teaching.
Statement of Problem
The conventional instruction process of teaching and learning of basic technology in the junior secondary school in Nigeria has failed to yield is desired result. Evidence have shown that our students are performing poorly in science and technology related subjects which also include basic technology. The science and technology education, particularly, at the junior secondary school certificate examination (JSSCE) results in basic technology was lamented by Nwoji (2000), that the performance of students are poor and still deteriorating. Researchers have observed the poor performance on basic technology subject is caused by the poor quality of technical teachers, overcrowded classroom and lack of suitable and adequate technical equipment, materials and tools (Abdullahi, 1982; Bajah, 1979; Kareem, 2003; Ogunniyi, 1979).
According to Uzoechi (2004), students do not only perform poorly at the cognitive level, they also perform badly at the affective and psychomotor domains respectively failure in the three domains of learning is not acceptable, the conventional method of instruction has not been very effective. The situation has not improved rather it is still deteriorating, we need a change in instruction, but we can’t throw away the traditional instruction method, we need a change in instruction methods, we need a change in instruction methods, we just have to supplement it with another technique that is acceptable worldwide.
Computer assisted instruction package is the purposed technique to supplement the conventional method of instruction. This research therefore find it worthwhile to determine the relevance of computer assisted learning instruction on the performance of basic technology student in Ojo Local Government Area in Lagos.
Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relevance of computer assisted learning instruction on the performance of basic technology student in Ojo Local Government Area in Lagos State.
Specifically, the study sought to:
- Find out areas where computer assisted learning instructions could be applied to the teaching and learning of basic technology curriculum;
- Determine ways by which computer assisted instructions can influence students academic performance in the junior secondary school level;
- Determine ways by which computer assisted instructions can influence student’s psychomotor performance in the junior secondary school level;
- Identify the competencies required by basic technology teachers to use computer assisted instructions effectively to the need of basic technology student;
- Identify the likely constraint that may hinder effective utilization of computer assisted instructions.
Significance of the Study
The findings keeps government and curriculum expert informed on the areas where CAI can be applied to basic technology to achieve the objective of the programme, which will lead to national development and also benefits curriculum expert, school administrators, teachers and students, as it will help find lasting solution to their poor performance.
This study will help to determine ways in which CAI can influence student performance, to salvage their abysmal performance in basic technology in the junior secondary school level. It will be beneficial to school administrators, teachers, parents and most especially students. It would make students learn basic technology at their own pace and love for the subject.
This study will help identify competencies required of basic technology teachers to use computer assisted instructions effectively and to suit the need of basic technology students. This is because the discoveries made will contribute in the training and retraining of basic technology teachers to meet the need of CAI. It will further reveal the professionalism, methodical and didactic education require from basic technology teachers, his masters of computer skills, and capability or presenting the students with principal terms and phenomena in basic technology.
This study also reveal if there will be significant difference in the performance of student exposed to computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) based on gender. It will prescribe strategies for effective application of CAI and also to balance student achievement based on gender. This study no doubt will be helpful to student as the implementation of suggestions emanating from it will go a long way in promoting students mastery of basic technology and thereby reducing failure in basic technology examinations. They will also help them to enjoy their classes more and with better attitude. CAI is an alternative innovative and collaborative educational platform to support learning of basic technology for student and also allows teachers to better themselves in the digital age. Teachers using CAI can achieve the following results in more student-centered teaching: increasing individual instruction, increased interest in teaching and increasing productivity. The findings of the study will also make government to place CAI in top priority. Which would make her to fully implement the use of ICT in our schools generally. CAI is a value added knowledge dissemination tool, that could accelerate to the paradigm shift of our education reform.
Research Questions
In order to provide direction and sharpen the focus of the study, the following research question were formulated.
- What are the areas where computer assisted learning instructions can be applied to the curriculum of basic technology.
- How can computer assisted learning instructions influence students’ academic performance in the junior secondary school student in basic technology?
- How can computer assisted learning instructions influence students’ psychomotor performance in the junior secondary school student in basic technology?
- What are the competencies required by basic technology teachers to use computer assisted instruction effectively to the need of basic technology students?
- What are the constraint to effective utilization of computer assisted instruction?
Delimitation of the Study
The study was delimited to the relevance of computer assisted learning instruction to the teaching of basic technology education curriculum: How CAI can be used to improve students’ academic performance and psychomotor achievements. It also covers the competencies required by teachers to use CAI and the likely constraints that hinder effective utilization of CAI.
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