THE IMPACT OF CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT ON PUPILS ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT
ABSTRACT
The study examines the impact of classroom environment on pupils academic achievement; Description survey research design was adopted and research instrument with Agreed Disagreed. Were used for the collection of the data needed for the study, three hypothesis were formulated to carry out the in investigation. The study revealed that classroom environment is very important to the performance of a child some recommendation were given while conclusion were drawn from the findings.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Content Pages
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of Content vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background of the study 1
1.2 Statement of the problems 4
1.3 Purpose of the Study 4
1.4 Research Hypothesis 5
1.5 Research Questions 5
1.6 Significance of the study 5
1.7 Scope of the study 6
1.8 Limitation of the study 6
1.9 Definition of terms 6
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Concept of Classroom environment 8
2.2 The role of the teacher in the classroom Environment 13
2.3 Measuring Classroom Gains 15
2.4 Implication and considerations 19
2.5 Appraisal of Literature 34
2.6 Furthermore, the definition of classroom environment 34
2.7 Conclusion 35
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction 39
3.1 Research Design 39
3.2 Population of the study 39
3.3 Sample and Sampling Techniques 40
3.4 Instrumentation 40
3.5 Method of Data Collection 40
3.6 Method of data Analysis 41
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data presentation and Analysis 42
4.2 Testing of Hypothesis 46
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Summary 49
5.2 Conclusion 49
5.3 Recommendation 50
References 51
Appendix 53
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Classroom environment compasses a broad range of educational concepts, including the physical setting, the psychological environment created through social contexts, and numerous instructional components related to teacher characteristics and behaviors. The study of classroom environment has been wide spread across nearly all sub-specialization of educational psychology. Researchers are interested in relationship between the environment constructions and multiple outcomes, including, learning, engagement, motivation, social relationships, and group dynamic. Early researchers recognized that behavior is a function of people’s personal characteristics and their environment.
In the Educational settings, Urie Bronfenbrenners”s works on ecological contexts secured a place in educational research for studies of classroom environment Bronfenbrenner”s Ecological systems theory (Bronfenbrenner, 2003) encompasses the layered environmental system of microcosms in which human development takes place and emphasizes the importance of family, teachers, schools, and the larger socio-cultural environment on the developmental process. Over the years, this research has evolved from examining purely physical elements of the environment to more complex models of psychosocial relationships between pupils in the classrooms as well as between the teacher and pupils.
In addition to the wide array of outcomes investigated in relationship to classroom environment, this area of study has also been of interest to methodologist as the data structure poses a unit of analysis dilemma, in terms of examination classroom variables in combination with pupils outcome, researchers have had to determine if the data would be analyzed at the classroom level or at the pupils level. With the arrival in the 1990s of statistical methodologies capable of handling data collected from both levels, studies have been better able to include variables collected at both levels, various methodologies, including survey, observations, and interviews have been used to capture aspects of the classroom environment from pupils, teachers, and observer perspectives. The early childhood group based at the University of Virginia has an extensive body of work that examines classroom environment as a validated observation system of multiple dimensions of the classroom.
Large class size and over populated schools have direct impact of the quality of teaching and instruction delivery.
Overcrowded classrooms have increased the possibilities for mass failure and make pupils to lose interest in school. This is because large class sizes do not allow individual pupils to get attention from teachers which invariably leads to low reading scores, frustration and poor academic performance.
In order to better understand the skill levels of the skill levels of pupils, it might be necessary to evaluate factors affecting their performance. These – factors can include: school structure and organization, teacher quality, curriculum and teaching philosophies (Driscoll, Halcolessis and Svorr’ty. 2003). The idea that school population and class size might affect pupils’ performance is consistent with the growing literature on the relationship sector instructional arrangement and outcomes (Moe, 2004).
According to When et al, (2004), part of building a supportive Environment for learning involves teachers sharing their expectation concerning learning of content, achievement, and social behaviour with that pupils Early on in the school years I observe my mentor teachers strategy for creating a positive tone for the class, made for expectation known and established a routine of conduct and respect, in the “first Day of school observation Assignment “ I wrote for professor Kenney’s Education research class. For instance, I commented that from the classroom poster demanding respect and tolerance, to the posted class and school rules, the physical environment of the classroom set a clear tone of what was expected from the pupils in term of behaviors moreover, my cooperating teacher clearly established routines for discourse and classroom procedure ant expectation for behavior, safety, and achievement for the class through utilization of detailed handout for pupils (Expectation and strategies for success, safety contract, how your Grade Earned). The purpose of this was to guide pupils to be both respectful in their conduct and responsible for their action and work.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
Emphasizing the importance of class environment to pupils academic performance, Oluchukwu, (2000) asserted school environment is an essential aspect of educational planning, he went further to explain that “unless schools are well suited, buildings adequate constructed and equipment adequately utilized and maintained, much teaching and learning may not take place.
The high levels of pupils academic performance may not be guaranteed where instructional space such as classrooms, libraries, technical workshops, and laboratories are structurally defective. However, little is known on the impact of school environment on pupils’ academic performance in an urban city like Lagos State.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
- To the affect of the classroom environment on learners performance.
- To find out the important of the classroom environment on learners/pupils academic achievement.
- To examine the effect of a good/standardized classroom environment on pupils academic achievement.
- To determine the close size suitable for pupils in primary school.
1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Ho1: There is no significant relationship between the important of classroom environment and learners academic achievement.
Ho2: There is no significant relationship between the over populated classroom and resources/facilities use for better performance.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- What is the important of classroom environment on learners academic performance?
- Does teacher’s characteristic and behaviour relate to the ways o and manner in which they manage the classroom for effective performance?
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
It is hoped that this study will provides information for parents, educators and school administrator to reflect upon various factors that help pupils in achieving their academic goals. In so doing, they can investigate the possibility of introducing those factors to their school, which may consequently lead to enhancing pupils’ educational outcomes in school. In addition, the fact that this study is conducted in public schools. It shares quite a lot of conducted in public schools. It shares quite a lot of seminaries with many other counterparts. In this connection, this study provide a valuable reference for other schools to reflect upon the classroom environment as it affect the academic performance of pupils in primary school.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This research work focuses on the impact of classroom on pupil academic achievement. In some selected primary schools in Ojo local government area of Lagos state. This research work covers four selected primary schools in Ojo Local Government Area of Lagos State. However, four primary schools will be used as case study.
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Apart form time frame and shortage of finance, the major limitation to this research is the inability of the researcher to cover all the selected primary school in Ojo Local Government Area of Lagos state as the little suggest.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
School: A school is an institution designed for the teaching of pupils (or “pupils”) under the direction of teachers.
WHAT IS CLASSROOM LEARNING? As cited by Khin and Chiw (2001) from Wilson (1996) “classroom learning environment refers to a space or a place where learners and teachers interact with each other and use a variety of tools and information resource in their pursuit of learning activities.
Academic Achievement: Knowledge attained or skill developed in school subject by test score classroom, a room in which a class meet for a lesson learning: all the people, situations, e t c that influence the way we live.
Academic: A school or college
Achievement: something they you have worked hard for and succeeded in doing.
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