EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN LAGOS METROPOLIS (A CASE STUDY OF ILE-EPO MARKET IN ALIMOSHO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF LAGOS STATE)
ABSTRACT
Environmental pollution has been a major problem in Nigeria, especially in our urban centers of which Lagos is one. The continuous rate of immigration resulting to urbanization has not helped the issue.
Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the various causes and effects of environmental pollution in Lagos metropolis Alimosho local government area of Lagos with a view of finding solution to these problems so as to maintain our degrading environment. In order to collect this information, the researcher used oral interview and questionnaire method.
The study revealed that pollution in Lagos are caused by the following: erosion, over crowding, inadequate provision of garbage truck, poor method of dumping refuse and ignorance of the people. On the effects of pollution on human health was found out, pollution could result into typhoid, cholera, cardiac problems, malaria and some others.
Therefore it was recommended that a proper/adequate orientation of people in these areas should be carried out so as to effect positive changes in their attitude towards interaction with their environment.
Furthermore, it was suggested that environmental pollution control should be made and enforced effectively.
Finally, the refuse disposal board should be made aware of the condition of the area so as to encourage paying more attention to the clearing of the area. It is hoped that when all the area are taken into considerations the said condition of our environment could be changed for better.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract vi
Table of Content viii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Statement of the problem
- Significance of the study
- Purpose of the study
1.4 Research questions
1.5 Research hypothesis
1.6 Delimitations of the study
1.7 Operational definitions of terms
1.8 Environmental pollution
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review
2.1 Categories of environmental pollution
2.11 Air pollution
2.12 Water pollution
2.13 Solid waste disposal pollution
- Types of pollutions
- Degradable pollutant
- Non degradable pollutants
2.3 Man–made and natural pollution
2.4 Effects of environmental pollution
2.5 Water contamination
2.6 Control of environmental pollution
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 research methodology
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Administration of Research Instruments
3.3 Procedure for Data Analysis
3.4 Summary of the chapter
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 personal information of respondents’ information
4.1 descriptive statistics
4.2 educational qualifications
4.3 analyses of the data
4.4 discussion of chapter four
4.4 discussion of chapter four
4.5 findings
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
- Introduction
- Summary
- Conclusion
- Recommendations
- Implication for further research
References
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
General Idiabgon in 1985 launched the environmental sanitation phase on the war against indiscipline (WAI) in Kano. The objective was to clean and sanitize the Nigerian society.
Some problems of the environment develop as a result of the interaction between man and physical environment. This results from the interferences on the environment which includes– soil erosion, pollution that is air, noise water and soil, congestion of urban areas, slum development, desert encroachment, deforestation Akinlaye and Adekoya (1998).
Apart from Idiagbon’s objective which is a typical example of environmental education, another school of thought Akinlaye and Adekoya (1998) defined environmental education as the mission to develop all individuals in the society, knowledge, skills, values, attitudes and behaviours to live an active, happy and better quality of life.
The issue of environmental education as a force in making the society aware and appreciate of their environment was indeed the dominant of the world’s series of workshops on environmental education projects since 1975 Aldrich Etal (1977) environmental education also means practices in decision making and formulation of code of behavior about the issue and problems concerning environment quality, it is this particular area that the environmental education as a formal education concern can make the most important contribution to the conservation and effective management of our environment.
There is no doubt that the federal government of Nigeria, places an important emphasis on environmental issue, this has been manifested in the establishment of the nation wide monthly environmental sanitation services to enable people become aware of the essence a clean and habitable environment. Concern about environmental services by the federal government of the Nigeria is the establishment of the federal environmental protection Agency (FEPA) our agency that is mainly concerned with monitoring and protecting the environment in national environmental commission of Nigeria (NECON).
Pollution which is one of the serious problems of the society has many definitions:
Children’s Britannica defined pollution as the fouling of the environment, land, water and air – by waste smoke, chemicals and other harmful substances. It could be seen also as negative changes in the natural environmental condition when these occur, man will be placed at disadvantageous situation.
Adeniyi (1997) defined pollution as undesirable change in the physical, chemical, biological characteristic of water or hand which can be harmful to human and other life, industrial process. Living conditions and cultural assets
Federal environment protection agency (FEPA) established in 1988 essentially to police in the Nigerian environment through decree 58 of 1988 defined pollution as man made or man aided interaction of chemical, physical or biological quality of the environment or beyond acceptable limits. Encyclopedia Britannica in depth knowledge volume 14, page 479 defined pollution as the negative changes in the natural environment conditions.
The encyclopedia further states that pollution is when any changes is physical, chemical or biological conditions in the environment harmfully affects the quality of human life, animals and plant, industries, cultural and aesthetic and assets. Akinlaye and Adekoya (1998) defined pollution as the city garbage’s and other harmful substances more so, it could be seen as the negative changes in the natural environmental conditions. It is of two kinds man made and natural types such as earthquakes, drought, flood, erosion and wind. This pollution problem in the state, country and the world at large has brought a lot of social problems and had given nations much concern.
The term “Environmental Pollution” as defined by Adeniyi (1997) is the understandable changes in the physical, chemical and biological characteristic of their air, water and land (i.e. the environment that can be harmful to the height and survival of human and other living organism.
The term environment as defined learners dictionary that the condition or circumstances, which is affecting a person’s life.
The environmental pollution was first raised by the developed country about two decade’s age. The ecologist were the first to raise the alarm, but nobody listen to them at first, only few paid attention to it.
Nigeria joined the environmental movement through United Nations conferences on environmental themes, at this juncture new nations goals and strategies involved environmental protection began to exist as a major public policy.
The federal government of Nigeria responded to environmental protection by creating in 1975 a separate federal ministry of housing and environmental issue at federal level. The formal capital commercial and industrial center of Nigeria respond to the cry of environmental pollution?
What is the present state of environmental pollution in Lagos metropolis with particular reference to Ile – Epo market in Alimosho Local Government? Since pollution is doing more harm than good today in our society all hands must be on deck to curb it.
The present state of environmental pollution in Ile – Epo market in Alimosho Local Government Area is poor. The way refuse is been placed, there is unconducive to human living. If less attention is given, it will cause ore harm than good to the people within the location.
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The central problem of thus study is in what way can the poor problem encounter as a result of this pollution be solved. The study therefore, tends to examine the, effects, causes and control of pollution in Alimosho Local Government area.
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The research study is significant for a number of reasons. First it is a bold attempt at examining issue that can be regarded as serious problem that face the society and changes to various government.
The work is also significant because it will be of tremendous help to various Local Governments and governmental agencies particularly in Lagos state whose responsibility includes dealing with pollution problems in state. Students of social studies, geography and environment related studies will also find the work very useful. This research wok is therefore significant for the enormous contributions it will make to research.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study is to examine the cause of pollution, its effect and control.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- What is environmental pollution?
- What are the causes of pollution?
- Is there any significant difference in the male and female respondent in view of the cause of environmental pollution?
- What are the effects of pollution on the environment?
- What are the possible solutions to the environmental pollution?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
- There will be no significant differences in male and female respondent’s views of the causes of environmental pollution.
- There will be no significant differences in the views of sellers and workers of Ile – Epo Market on the causes of environmental pollution.
- There will be no significant difference in the views of sellers and workers at Ile – Epo area on the effects of environmental pollution.
- There will be no significant differences in the male and female respondents view at the effects of environmental pollution.
1.6 DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study will be delimited to Ile – Epo market to select ale and female sellers of Ile–Epo market and workers I the office around there, in Alimosho Local Government Area and people that are living around there. The study will not extend to other Local Government Areas.
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