RELIGIOUS CRISES AND ITS EFFECTS ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ON EDUCATIONAL SECTOR IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
This study focused on the religious crises and its effects on socio-economic development on educational sector in Nigeria, a case study of some selected secondary schools in Badagry Local Government, Lagos State. This research work was significant because it help to identify those salient causes’ effects and solutions to religious crises on education in Nigerian and the nation as a whole. Two schools were selected for the research work. Data used for this study was collected from both junior and senior students of the selected secondary schools. The major instrument used was the questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed using the simple chi-square method.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract vi
Table of contents vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0. Introduction 1
1.1. Background of the study 1
1.2. Statement of problem 5
1.3. Research questions 6
1.4. Research hypotheses 6
1.5. Purpose of study 6
1.6. Significance of the study 7
1.7. Scope/delimitation 7
CHAPTER TWO
Review of some selected literature 8
2.0. Introduction 8
2.1. Conceptual basis of the study 8
2.2. Types of religion 9
2.3. Causes of religious crises 10
2.4. Characteristics of religion 15
2.5. Ethnic and religious crises in Nigeria 16
2.6. Inter-tribal and religious crises in Nigeria 18
2.7. Religious war on education 19
2.8. Book Haram crises in Nigeria 20
2.9. Effect of religious crises on national development 23
2.10. Effect of religious crises on education 24
2.11 Relationship between religion and education 26
2.12 Boko Haram’s impaction Nigeria education 26
2.13 Solution of religious crises 27
2.14. Definition of terms 29
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research methodology 31
3.1 Research design 31
3.2 Population of the study 31
3.3 Sample and sampling technique 31
3.4 Instrumentation 32
3.5 Administration of the research instrument 32
3.6 Method of data analysis 32
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1. Analysis and discussion of findings 33
4.2. Testing of hypotheses 34
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary Conclusion and Recommendations 42
5.1. Summary 42
5.2. Conclusion 45
5.3. Recommendation 46
References 48
Appendix 49
CHAPTER ONE
1.0. INTRODUCTION
1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Religion generally is an essential part of human existence. Religion is the belief and worship of a God or gods in a particular system of faith and worship. Idowu (2000) sees religions as an evitable and inescapable aspect of man. Little surprise Mbit, (2001) see all healthy human being notoriously religious.
Religions has been variously defined by various scholars, but as plethora as these definitions might seem, each definitions seems to reflect each scholars as the acceptance of obligation towards power higher than man himself with the belief that these higher power are of personal nature and not more blink forces.
Karl Marx (1826) “Religious is the sign of the oppressed people, the sentiment of a heartless world and of the opine of the people”. However, another definition was raised by Holm (2007) and according to him religion is a belief of supreme beings.
Religion in my personal opinion is said to be a personal decision in choosing what way a person lives his spiritual life and commitment thereof as a cultural premises of belief system of the people.
Religion has always been significant phenomenon of man’s experience. It has in fact been a universal phenomenon. There is evidence of religion in man’s thinking in one form or another. These seem to be implanted deep in man’s need to make sense of her world to affirm that there is a purpose in the universe that is not of man’s making the structure so reality is something which belong to him.
Religion, as they say “is as old as man”. The basis of religion is the universal situation in which the needs of man satisfaction. Man finds himself confronted with formidable problems and odds with consequences of the physical universe in which he lives. Sigmund Freud in (1987) says that various gods came into being at just according to his own imagination. Then man sees a God who is as exalted father and religion become expression of son-father relationship. In shot man has developed a religion of father complex.
Have known the origin of religion, we can now ask ourselves, how many types of religions do we have? There are many types of religion organization in the world like 200-transm, Buddhi, Christianity, Islam, Traditional, Hinduism etc but in Nigeria there are two major types of religion and modern religious which have gained ground. The Traditional religion and modern religion. Which are divided into Christianity, is the religion centered on Jesus Christ as the supreme revelation of God and Loin of his followers and based upon His teaching. Christianity comprises of three major divisions, the Roman Catholic Church and Holy Orthodox Apostle Eastern Church includes the various organizations adhering to the Byzaithrite.
The Islamic religion is Arabic word which means peace and total submission to the will of Allah. There are many associations in Islamic religion such as Ansar-ud-deen, Narauru-deen, Ahamdyaah, An wa, ul-Islam, Zumratu-Islamiyyah. The traditional religion will include all the medieval and archer indigenous religion practices involved in by humanity in general and the inhabitant of our scope of study.
Religion is not only a spiritual and intellectual necessity but also a social and universal need, to guide men, elevate his moral nature. It is not to burden him or oppress his qualities but to open for him an exhaustible treasure of sound thinking and right action. True religion is to acquaint man with God as well as with himself and the rest of the universe.
According to the manifest, function of religion is to
- Unite and serves the sting of unity among people living in the community
- Religion brings about harmony, love and peaceful co-existence in the society
- Religion acts as a prime factor of cohesion in the society
- It promotes a sense of brotherhood
- It provided good and good fearing leadership which serves as a regulator to leadership roles
- It improve sense of belonging, proper understanding that wi9ll about good interpersonal human relationship in the society
- Religion discourages oppression sentimentality and unlawful submission to the will of supreme.
Religion involves total submission to the will of the Supreme Being, since it is a way of life and includes the totality of human nature. There are laws governing and directing the act and attributes of believers. It is therefore always hard to satisfy the requirement of being a faithful believer of any form of religion.
Education begins in the earliest prehistory, as adults trained the young in the knowledge and skills deemed necessary in their society. In preliterate societies this was achieved orally and through imitation. Story telling passed knowledge, values and skills from one generation to the next. As cultures began to extend their knowledge beyond skills that could be readily learned through imitation, formal education developed. Schools existed in Egypt at the time the middle kingdom. Plato founded the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in Europe. The successor of Athens is intellectual cradle of Ancient Greece. There, mathematician Euclid and anatomist Herophilus constructed the great library of Alexandria and translated the Hebrew Bible to Greek. European civilization suffered a collapse of literacy and organization following the fall of Rome and AD 475.
In most countries today, full-time education whether at school or otherwise, is compulsory for all children up to a certain age. Due to this, the proliferators of compulsory education combined with population growth, UNESCO has calculated the in the next 30 years more people will receive fo4rmal education than in all of human history thus far.
A right to education has been recognized by some governments. At the global level Article 13 of the United Nation (UN) (1966) International covenant on Economic, social and cultural rights recognize the right of everyone to an education. Although education is compulsory in most places up to certain age, attendance at school often isn’t and a minority of parents choose home-schooling, sometimes with the assistance of modern electronic educational. Technology (also called e-learning) education can take place in formal or informal settings.
Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. Nelson Mandela (1918 – 2013) South African president philanthropist. The function of education is to teach one to think critically plus character that is the goal of true education. Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929 – 1968) Pastor, activist, humanitarian. My mother said I must always be intolerant of ignorance, but understanding of illiteracy. That some people unable to go school, were more educated and more intelligent than college professors. Marya Angelou, 2014, author poet.
Religion and Education are closely associated with each other both are of spiritual, materials, physical urge are dealt with by religion as well as by the education. Both seek to emancipate man, not from contract with his environment, but from slavery to it “as has already been discussed education creates certain values of life and help in the modification of behavior. In this way religion and education here different way but the same aim of achieving God through cultivating three absolutes truth and goodness.
1.2. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
With the rate at which these religious crises are going, it is affecting the social-economic and political development of education in Nigeria and is giving the government and all well meaningful Nigerians a great deal of concern with the problems arising. Lack of basis knowledge and understanding of other religions and unnecessary government intervention on religious matter.
1.3. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- Is there any significant relationship between religious crisis and education?
- Is there any significant relationship between religious crisis and school activities?
- Is there any significant relationship between religious crises and the government enlightenment?
- Is there any significant relationship between religious crises and youth employment?
1.4. RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
- There is no significant relationship between religious crisis and education
- There is no significant relationship between religious crisis and school activities
- There is no significant relationship between religious crises and the government enlightenment
- There is no significant relationship between religious crises and youth employment
1.5. PURPOSE OF STUDY
The purpose of this study is to find out the causes of religious crises in our society and also effort on the development of educational sector in Nigerian and to find lasting solution where and when necessary in order to have a united and peaceful society.
1.6. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The result of this study will be useful to ask the following category of people on one hand (a) religion (b) school (c) policy maker (d) government (e) Religion stakeholders. The result will ensure that government suggest techniques for successful conduct of inter-religious dialogue and also create religious awareness for people to avoid unnecessary intervention in the religious matters.
The government should also make strict and policy of anyone found guilty of perpetrating religious crises should be penalized.
1.7. SCOPE/DELIMITATION
The scope of this study will be restricted to some selected secondary schools in Badagry Local Government area of Lagos State. This is due to both time and financial part of the research.
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