RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRINCIPALS’ COMMUNICATION STYLES AND TEACHERS’ EFFECTIVENESS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING SCIENCE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS (A CASE STUDY OF ABEOKUTA SOUTH LOCAL GOVENRMENT AREA OF OGUN STATE)
ABSTRACT
This study was designed to investigate the principals’ communication styles and teachers’ effectiveness in teaching and learning science in secondary schools, in Abeokuta South Local Government, Area of Ogun State.
Data was collected using questionnaire titled Principals communication styles and teachers’ effectiveness in teaching and learning science, the question was designed to collect information from one hundred (100) teachers in ten (10) selected secondary schools in Abeokuta South Local Government Area of Ogun State. Five school for senior secondary and five schools for junior secondary.
Four hypotheses were raised in the study:
- There will be no significant difference between the principals’ communication styles and teachers’ job effectiveness in teaching and learning science in secondary schools.
- There will be no significant difference between male and female teachers in respect of their job effectiveness.
- There will be no significant difference between graduate and non-graduate teachers’ as regards their job effectiveness in teaching and learning science.
- There will be no significant difference between experienced and new teachers as regards their job effectiveness in teaching and learning science.
The t-test statistical method was used to analyze the data collected from one hundred questionnaires given out to the respondents.
It was recommended among of others that principals should keep his Staff involved in his plans, policies and programmes; also an effective channels of communication should be established between the principal and the staff likewise between the staff and the students, which will help the principal to understand the staff and school problems generally.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv-v
Abstract vi
Table of Contents vii-viii
CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION
Background of the study 1-4
Statement of the problem 5
Research Questions 6
Research Hypotheses 6-7
Purpose of the study 7
Significance of the study 8
Scope of the study 9
Operational definition of Terms 9-10
CHAPTER TWO – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Introduction 11-12
Meaning of the Concept: Communication 12-15
Theoretical frame work 15-16
Psychological frame work of communication 16-17
Characteristics of communication 18
Principle of communication 18-19
Communication of model 19-22
Process of communication 22-24
Types/techniques of communication 24-28
Channel of communication 28
Problem/barrier to effective communication 29-30
Effective communication for teachers improvement and effectiveness30-32
Suggestions for communication improve in school 32
Appraisal of Literature 33-34
CHAPTER THREE – METHODOLOGY
Type of Research study 35
Population for the study 36
The Sample 36
Sampling Method 36
Instrument 36-37
Validity of instrument 37
Reliability of instrument. 37-38
Scoring of the instrument 38
Administration of the instrument 38
Statistical Methods of Testing the Hypotheses 39
CHAPTER FOUR
Analyses of Data 40-45
Summary of Findings 45
CHAPTER FIVE – DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS,
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Discussion of Findings 46-48
Conclusion 48
Recommendation 49
Suggestion for further Research 50
References 51-53
Appendix 54-56
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background To The Study
Human beings are social animals. They need to interact and exchange ideas, views, either verbal, non-verbal or simply through gesture. The global village where we live is a world of people of actions and reactions. Most of these acts are communicative acts, expressed in whole or in part. Whatever mode of expression employed it takes place in a social context that is, an organization hence in this particular study the organization is the school.
In the world, communication is influenced by the culture of the people and also by availability of resources. A cultural practice in Nigeria for instance, is through the use of gong by town criers. The gong is used to arrest the attention of the citizenry so that information for that matter could be conveyed. Also different types of drums such as Gangan, Gbedu, bata etc. are among the means of communication in Nigeria.
During the process of communication meaning, feelings, ideas, knowledge, and facts are shared between one another. Thus according to Benedict (1995) the word “communication” is from a Latin word communis which means “common shared”.
Communication can occur in many situations, between animal and even machines, just as driver put the truck into gear and the truck responds and one drive off. Also when we put a diskette into a computer and you press enter and the computer responds.
Again, communication can occur between machines like the electronic timer that automatically switches off the fan at the preset time. The message transfer is carried out in between the appliances.
Moreover, communication takes place between animals and in various formats, such as croaking of the frog, the barking of the dog. However, animals range from human beings to the lowest animals such as the micro-organisms. Hence, during this discourse emphases will be laid on the communication between animals, that is the principals and communication style.
Communication permeates all aspects of school life. Teachers instruct by using oral, written, and other media such as videotapes, computers and art forms. Students demonstrate their learning through similar media. Superintendents and principals spend 70 percent or more of their time communicating. In essence, teachers and administrators earn their living in schools by communicating. Smith (1996). An understanding of communication, therefore, is central to the study of educational management (administration) because if offers an additional conceptual viewpoint for examine the school as a social system. The application of communication to administration transverses every aspect of school system. It creates the link between individual in organization such that instruction, directives, information’s, views option and attitudes flow through communication to individual.
Communication has been described generally as the livewire of any business minded organization, and when such is absent such organization becomes extinct.
Communication applies to all phases of management. It is particularly important in the function of the leaders and the subordinate relationship. Communication is the transfer of information from a sender to a receiver. Knootz et al (1993).
Globally, with the advent of modern communication system, the world has been reduced to a micro village, which makes sending and receiving of information to be easier than the days of town crier and gong in sending messages.
The recent development in technological know-how in communication circle brings the e-mail, the cell phone, the internet, the fax machine and so on. Which link the world as a whole together and communicating becomes a whole lot easier.
All the above communication systems were out to compliment and improve the written and oral communication, which are widely in use within the school setting.
Specifically in the school setting, if the principals’ communication style is unfavorable to the staff, there is the tendency that both the staff and students will not co-operate with him/her while if the principals’ communication style is favorable, things tends to go on smoothly.
Thus a link can be drawn between principals’ communication style and teachers’ effectiveness in teaching and learning science in our schools.
Communication is a lever, which people can move to affect organization efficiency and effectiveness. Wicks et al (1986). Thus this study is an attempt at finding out the various communication styles that are adopted by principals’ to enhance teachers’ effectiveness on the area of sex, academic qualification and experience.
1.2. Statement of the Problem
Ibukun et al(1996) asserted that the school climate today is far from being ideal in any location in Nigeria. The school system whether at national or local scene is marked by crisis and dissension perhaps one other source of crisis in school is the pattern of communication of the school executives with teachers. Teachers and students are either starved of information due to the leader’s bureaucratic machinery or the mode of communication is too formal and rather undemocratic for essential rapport in the schools.
Most of the principals believe in hierarchical order of passing information and messages, most especially to junior staff. These chief executives are of the opinion that rules must be adhered to strictly, not minding the urgency r the importance of the message.
This study will therefore seeks to find our the relationship between principals’ communication styles and teachers’ effectiveness in teaching and learning science in secondary schools in Abeokuta South Local Government, Ogun State.
1.3. Research Questions:
- Does the principals’ communication styles affect teachers’ job effectiveness in teaching and learning science in secondary school.
- Does the gender of the teachers affect their job effectiveness in teaching and learning science as a result of principals’ communication styles.
- Does the educational qualification of teachers affect their job effectiveness due to principals’ communication styles.
- Does the teachers experience affect their job effectiveness in teaching and learning science due to principals’ communication styles.
1.4 Research Hypotheses
The following Null hypotheses will be tested:
- There will be no significant difference between the principals communication styles and teachers’ job effectiveness in teaching and learning science in secondary schools.
- There will be no significant difference between male and female teachers in respect of their job effectiveness.
- There will be no significant difference between graduate and non-graduate teachers’ as regards their job effectiveness in teaching and learning science.
- There will be no significant difference between experienced and new teachers as regards their job effectiveness in teaching and learning science.
1.5 Purpose of The Study
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the principals’ communication style has impact on teachers’ job effectiveness as regard teaching and learning science situations.
The research is aimed at finding out the relationship between principals’ communication styles and teachers’ effectiveness in teaching and leaning science in Abeokuta South Local Government of Ogun State. And to what extent is there a correlation between the principals’ communication style and the level of effectiveness among the teachers.
One of the major concerns of any organization is the provision of rightful climate that will enhance the working spirit of its workers. The organization is therefore, not an exception in this, since it is assumed that the type of communication system adopted by any organization would increase the working spirit of workers and enhance effectiveness.
- Significance Of The Study
The study is of significance in many ways to the individual; knowledge of the forces that hinder or promote his effectiveness to work might bring greater happiness and self-realization and improve efficiency. His/her days at work will be completely different if his/her feeling about his/her job were good from what is would be if his/her feeling about his/her job were bad.
As a basic dynamic process, communication underlies virtually all organizational and administrative variables, including formal structure, informal organization leaderships, and decision making.
Furthermore, communication is lever, which people can to affect organizational efficiency and effectiveness. In short, teachers’ effectives work may very well decide the level of success or failure of the organization especially at critical periods. This study is centered mainly on the principals’ communication styles and teachers’ effectiveness in teaching and leaning science. The findings will be useful in designing strategies to improve performance in any organization.
- Scope of The Study
The Scope is delimited to only Abeokuta South Local Government Secondary Schools. This study will appraise and analyzed the relationship between principals’ communication styles and teachers’.
Despite the fact that not all the schools will be used in the study, the result is going to be applied to the remaining secondary schools in the Local Government. Also the data depend solely on the response to the questionnaire.
This study also will not be able to go into all forms of communication, but will concentrate on verbal or written communication, which appear in form of circulars and letters that are issued by the principal to pass information to the teachers, likewise some forms of gesture were also inclusive.
- Operational Definition of Terms
The following terms have been operationally defined to make the study more meaningful and to remove any ambiguity in understanding.
Communication: is a process of transmitting and receiving information.
Message: The result of the encoding process in the message.
Channel: the channel is the routing pattern that the message is to follow.
Medium: the medium is the carrier of the message.
Transmitting: this transforms the encoded message into a serial and places it into a channel.
Feedback: This is the response from the receiver after he/she has meaningfully decoded the coded symbols.
Idea: Sender must create an idea or choose a fact to communicate.
Effectiveness: This is the managerial ability to accomplish things at the right time i.e. how efficient someone becomes at the end of a mission.
Communication Style (s): That particular communication system adopted by executives to achieves his/her predetermined goal.
Experienced Teachers: This means the personnel who spent at least 5 years in the teaching profession, deemed to have mastered some of the modus operandi of the job.
New Teachers: These are the newly recruited personnel in the teaching profession who are still learning the intricacies of the job.
Science: This is a system for organizing the knowledge about a particular subject, especially one concerned with aspects of human behaviour or society.
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