PRODUCTION OF CATFISH FEED AND ITS NUTRITIONAL VALUE
ABSTRACT
The urge to develop a standard practical diet for farmed fish in Nigeria has been on the increase since the last decade; since ages diet has ever represent the largest single cost item of most fish farm operation. This is the reason why careful selection of feed ingredient for use in aqua feed plays a vital role in the resultant nutritional and economic success of farmed fish.
TABLE OF CONTENT
PAGES
Title page i
Certificate ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of Content vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Background Study 1
1.2 Statement of the problem 2
1.3 Purpose of the Study 2
1.4 Significant of the study 3
1.5 Scope of the Study 3
1.6 Limitation of the Study 3
1.7 Definition of Terms 3
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review 4
2.1 Nutrition 4
2.2 Feed 7
2.3 Feed Formulation 8
2.4 Percent Cost Production 9
2.5 Restriction of List: Cost of formation of
a 28% protein feed for catfish 10
2.6 Catfish grow-out feeding guide 12
2.7 Feed ingredient 13
2.8 Protein and energy supplement 13
2.9 Premixes 15
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Material Method 18
3.1 Raw Material 18
3.2 Equipment I Apparatus 19
3.3 Formulation of catfish feeds (pallets) 19
3.4 Method of pelleting 20
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Result and Discussion 21
4.1 Result 21
4.2 Graphical Representation 22
4.3 Cost of Production 22
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation 23
5.1 Summary 23
5.2 Conclusion 23
5.3 Recommendation 24
5.4 Reference 25
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND STUDY
The African Catfish
Is a major cultured food fish in Nigeria because of its fast growth, good feed conversion, hardiness, and high market value However, one of the problem facing catfish production is the high cost of fish feed caused by the escalating cost of fishmeal, the main protein source in fish feeds. The sustainability of the catfish culture industry depend on reducing the fishmeal content of fish feeds by finding alternative protein sources of food nutritional quality that are readily available and more cost effective than fishmeal. Feed stuffs of animal origin are generally considered alternative protein sources because their protein content is higher and their complement of indispensable amino acids is superior than those of plan origin (Robinson and Li 1998) Fishmeal has been replaced by single animal protein sources such as maggot meal (Adewolu, 2001), black soldier fly pupae meal (St-Hilare et al., 2007). Poultry by-product meal (Turker et, al 2005), poultry visceral meal (Usman et al., 2007) and feather meal (Hasan et al, 1997). Most of these single animal protein sources were unable to completely replace fishmeal.
(Tacon and Jackson, 1985). Further, fish diets will include a wider range of alternative ingredients, including combinations of ingredients from animal origin (Glen cross et al, 2007). Feather meal, chicken offal meal, and maggot meal are potential.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This project focuses on the production of catfish feed, and its nutritional value.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of the study is to use the different types of formulation to feed the fish for either growth and for body weight.
1.4 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY
- To provides different formulation for the development and the growth of the fish
- To provide the proper formulation for fish feeding
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The project is limited to the production of catfish feed for grower
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This is limited to the use of maize, fish meal, groundnut cake, soya beans meal etc. for the production of catfish feed and its nutritional value for grower.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Production: Is the process of making feed
Nutrition: Is the process of feeding the organism with well balance meal
Ingredient: Is the material use for production