OVER POPULATION AND DETERIORATION OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT (A CASE STUDY OF ALIMOSHO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA)
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to examine the effect of over population in Lagos State in reference to Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos state. The review of relevant usefulness was carried out in order to examine various concepts of over – population, the total population consisted all male and female individuals in the research was a simple random sampling techniques which give room for equal chance of being selected, a design and structured questionnaire was used at the instrument to collect information from the respondents, which was analyzed with chi – square (x2cal), result obtained reveal a significant relationship between over population and deterioration of urban environment in Lagos state, it was then recommended that government of the country should create time for public enlightenment committee to enlighten people on the need for controlling population.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v – vi
Table of Content vii – ix
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1
1.1. Background to the Study 1 – 3
1.2. Statement of the Problem 3
1.3. Purpose of the Study 4
1.4. Research Question 4 – 5
1.5. Research Hypothesis 5
1.6. Scope and Delimitation of the study 5 -6
1.7. Significance of the Study 6
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
Review of Related Literature 7
Meaning and Concept of Population 7 – 8
Features of Population 8 – 11
The meaning and Concept of Population 11 – 12
Population Growth Rate 12
Importance of Population Growth Rate 12 – 13
Population Growth Malthusian Theory 13 – 15
Factors that lead to Population Growth Rate 15 – 18
Meaning and Concept of Over Population 18 – 21
Causes of Over Population 21 – 23
Problems of Over Population 23 – 25
How to control Over Population 25 – 26
CHAPTER THREE
Research Methodology 27
Research Design 27
Population of the Study 27 – 28
Sample and Sampling Techniques 28
Research Instrument 28
Procedure for Data Analysis 29
CHAPTER FOUR
Data Presentation and Analysis 30
Evaluation of Personal Data 30 – 33
Testing of Research Hypothesis 33 – 35
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary 36 – 37
Conclusion 37 -38
Recommendation 38 – 39
Limitations of the Study 40
REFERENCES 41 – 42
QUESTIONNAIRE 43 – 45
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
- Background to the study
The word population is concerned with every aspect of the economy; population simply means the total number of people living in an area at a particular period of time. An increase in population of any area has adverse effect generated. So, a rapid population growth or continuous increase in population become problem when there is imbalance between the total number of people and the available resources. Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus in his threat of population in 18th century titled essay on population (1798) talked on the consequences of over population and the world resources, which has majorly concerned with food production and population growth rate and came out with the following assumptions which states that, the power of human population could be increased for greater than the power of earth to produce food. Wants would rise as human population grows above food production that human nation undergoes and appreciates changes over a time.
Also in 20th century, concern has also been extended beyond food supplies, so over population is not one person’s concern, it is a universal phenomenal, tasking and disturbing the mind of all concerned. In Malthus theory he stated that population will increase at arithmetic rate. This occurs in Nigeria the 1963 population census revealed that the Nigeria population was 55.7million and in 1991 the population increase to 120million respectively and the food production remain unchanged.
Moreso, Neo-Malthusian expresses a direct relationship between population growth and level of economic development they maintain that increase in rate of population growth can increase per – capital (Merrick, et 1991).
However, a lot of factors are responsible for rapid population growth such as increase in birth rate with decrease in death rate. Migration, early marriage, modernization, search of improved conditions of services or living, employments opportunity poverty and illiteracy of the people etc.
- Statement of the Problem
There is no doubt that the problem of over population has made the standard of living to be low and has affected the social economic life of man, also the cause of over population has result to many of the social vice of the society such as cultism, robbery etc. all these constitute the basis of the problem of the study.
- Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study to:
- Find out the causes of over population and deterioration of Alimosho Local Government Area.
- Examine the consequences of over population in terms of environmental deterioration in Alimosho Local Council Development Area.
- Identify the possible solutions to over population and deterioration of urban environment.
- Research Questions
The research attempts to answer the following questions:
- Does over population in Lagos State have any impacts on the economic development of the state?
- What are the major causes of over population in Urban environment?
- Does over population cause environmental deterioration?
- Research Hypothesis
HO1: Over population will not significantly lead to increase in unemployment in Lagos State.
HO2: Increase in birth rate will not significantly result to rapid population growth in term of resources provision.
HO3: Over population in Lagos State will not significantly determine the living standard of the people.
- Scope and delimitation of the study
For effectiveness and proficiency, Alimosho Local Council Development Area in Lagos State has been selected for this research work.
To achieve the best result, Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos State was chosen as a case study. Attempts all going to other local government may be affected by time factor or constraint of financial cost and availability of necessary materials and information needed.
- Significance of the Study
This study is aimed at providing useful information which may be of help to Alimosho Local government area thereby reducing the hazard of social vices which are bred by over population to reduce the preserve on social amenities, labour market and thereby checking unemployment.
Also, the government will be enlightened about possible solution to the problems of over population in Alimosho Local Council Development Area.
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