ONLINE BOOKING AND TICKETING SYSTEM FOR ROAD TRANSPORTATION (CASE STUDY: IMO TRANSPORT COMPANY)
Table 3.0 Database table……………………………………………………………………24
Table 3.1 The Structure of Database Table…………………………………………..24
Figure 1.0 A Sample Interface of an Online Bus Booking/Ticketing System…….. 2
Figure 2.1.4.1 Screenshot of Ticket Master Website……………………………………… 14
Figure 2.1.4.2 An Example of Online Bus Booking/Ticketing System…………….. 15
Figure 3.0 Project Input Algorithm………………………………………………………………. .22
Figure 3.1 Project Output Algorithm……………………………………………………………… 23
Figure 4.3.1 User/Passenger Login Area…………………………………………………………. 29
Figure 4.3.2 New User/Passenger Registration Interface…………………………………… 29
Figure 4.3.3 Interface to Search Bus Availability………………………………………………. 30
Figure 4.3.4 Interface to Book a Reservation…………………………………………………….. 31
Figure 4.3.5 Payment Details Form…………………………………………………………………… 32
Figure 4.3.6 Booking Ticket……………………………………………………………………………….. 33
Figure 4.3.7 Admin Menu………………………………………………………………………………….. 34
Figure 4.3.8 View Booking Details Table……………………………………………………………… 34
Figure 4.3.9 View Payment Details Table………………………………………………………………35
Figure 4.3.10 View Passenger Details Table……………………………………………………………35
Figure 4.5 Components/Modules Running of the Ticketing Reservation System………..37
CERTIFICATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv
LIST OF TABLE v
LIST OF FIGURE vi
TABLE OF CONTENT vii
ABSTRACT viii
CHAPTER ONE 1
ONLINE BOOKING AND TICKETING SYSTEM FOR ROAD TRANSPORTATION 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.0.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE CASE STUDY 3
1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT 5
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 6
1.3 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 6
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 7
1.5 DEFINITION OF TERMS 8
CHAPTER TWO 10
LITERATURE REVIEW 10
2.0 INTRODUCTION 10
2.1 FACTS AND FINDINGS 10
2.1.1 E-MANAGEMENT 11
2.1.2 ONLINE BOOKING RESERVATION 11
2.1.3 CASE STUDY 12
2.1.4 EXISTING SYSTEM 15
2.1.4.1 WEBSITE 15
2.1.5 TECHNIQUE 18
2.1.5.1 RESEARCH 18
2.1.5.2 WEB BASED APPLICATION 18
2.1.5.3 INTERVIEWING 19
CHAPTER THREE 20
REQUIREMENTS AND ANALYSIS 20
3.0 REQUIREMENTS OF THE SYSTEM 20
3.0.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 21
3.0.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS 21
3.1 EVALUATION OF EXISTING SYSTEMS 22
3.1.1 DRAW BACKS OF EXISTING SYSTEM. 22
3.2 EVALUATION OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM 23
3.2.1 AIM AND BENEFITS OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM 23
3.3 OBJECTIVES AND CONSTRAINTS 24
3.4 ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESSES INVOLVED IN THE PROPOSED SYSTEM 24
3.4.1 USER LOGIN/LOGOUT OR CREATE NEW ACCOUNT 25
3.4.2 CHECK BUS AVAILABILITY. 25
3.4.3 BOOK RESERVATION IF BUS IS AVAILABLE. 25
3.4.4 PRINT TICKET AS ONLINE PAYMENT EVIDENCE 25
3.5 SYSTEM DESIGN 26
3.5.1 INPUT DESIGN 26
3.5.2 OUTPUT DESIGN 27
3.5.3 DATABASE DESIGN 28
CHAPTER FOUR30
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND DOCUMENTATION 30
4.1 CHOICE OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES/DEVELOPMENT TOOLS 30
4.1.1 OPERATING SYSTEM 30
4.1.2 WEB PROGRAMMING/SCRIPTING LANGUAGE-PHP, CSS, & HTML 31
4.1.3 DATABASE CHOICE-MYSQL 31
4.2 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 32
4.2.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 32
4.2.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS 32
4.3 SYSTEM TESTING/IMPLEMENTATION 32
4.4 SYSTEM TESTING 40
4.4.1 UNIT TEST 41
4.4.2 SYSTEM TEST 41
4.5 SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION 41
CHAPTER FIVE 43
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 43
5.0 SUMMARY 43
5.1 CONCLUSION 44
REFERNCES 45
APPENDIX 46
This project is aimed at developing an online ticket reservation system for road transportation. The ticket reservation system is an internet based application that can be accessed through the net and can be accessed by anyone who has internet connection. This application will automate the reservation of tickets. This online ticket reservation system provides a website for a road transport management that allows any user of internet can access it. This website has two different bus categories. User is require to login to the system and needs a credit card for booking the ticket. Ticket can be printed immediately to confirm the reservation
ONLINE BOOKING AND TICKETING SYSTEM FOR ROAD TRANSPORTATION
This chapter aims to describe the project background, problem statement, objectives, scopes, project significance and expected output of the system. The system is a Bus Ticket Reservation System. This is the project on the online ticketing system of Imo Transit Company (ITC). The ITC Limited is the implementing agency of the State Mass Transit programmes in Imo State which in most cases; the company has problems with their ticketing and scheduling process. This project intends to computerize its semi computerized ticketing system to provide better customer service. Because of that, the company can provide the easier way of travelling to the customer or passenger.
In Nigeria today and other countries, transportation business has become more sophisticated than it was years ago. Transportation is a means of carrying people or goods from one place to another for short period of time paying for their services. Transportation business was developed to solve problems of movement of people and migration purpose. Thousands of people travel from countries to other countries in search of jobs, and business transaction they always become anxious of what to use for the migration. However, man’s quest for solving this problem has resulted in development of business, machines cars, and Lorries etc in order to eradicate the problem of migration.
In the present day’s society, particularly in developing nations, the word computer is becoming an everyday language, unlike in the developed countries where the roots are already strong on the ground. Nigeria being one of the developing nations of the world is making frantic efforts to see that this wonderful gift of our time (computer) gets into all sectors in the society-business and engineering organization.
Electronic tickets, or e-tickets, give evidence that their holders have permission to enter a place of entertainment, use a means of transportation, or have access to some Internet services. Bus Ticket Reservation System enables the bus company’s customer to buy bus ticket online. E-ticket is the easier and quickest way to take bus. The online system is a new system because it is only implemented in few
places in Nigeria. Currently, staff at the bus ticket counter in Imo Transit (ITC) is using an internal system to sell ticket at the counter. Customer is unable to buy bus ticket online at this moment and has to go to the counter to buy bus ticket. Sometimes, customer needs to queue up a long queue to buy bus ticket and ask for information. Besides that, customer is also not allowed to buy bus ticket through telephone and Transnational’s telephone line is always busy. This brings a lot of inconvenience to the customers. Bus Ticket Reservation System enables the customer to buy bus ticket, make payment, and ask for information online easily. Furthermore, staff can sell bus ticket using Bus Ticket Reservation System after checking bus ticket availability for the customer and print the bus ticket to the customer that queue up in the counter.
Fig 1.0 A Sample interface of an online bus booking/ticketing system
1.0.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE CASE STUDY
In the late eighties, an alternative transport strategy gained support on the proposition that hardship suffered by urban commuters shall be reduced and alleviated while improving and modernizing urban traffic flow and the nature of mass transit as well as the foundation of developing a comprehensive and integrated mass transit system. The proportion also includes the promotion of local technology in the automobile industry.
The Federal Urban Mass Transit Programme (FUMTP) was introduced by the Federal government in 1988. The programme had its root in President Ibrahim Babangida’s 1988 budget with special emphasis on the states, Abuja and few specialized agencies.
In order to ensure an orderly, co-ordinate and efficient implementation of the Mass Transit programme at the State level, operational blue prints were issued by the management of the FUMTP. One among the issues addressed was that “all the state governments were expected to setup a limited liability company to operate the urban mass transit programme, alongside private operators”. The bus companies were expected to as much as practicable be cost effective (Nwosu, 1994).
It was on this premise that Imo Transit Company Limited alongside other bus companies was established. The ITC Limited is the implementing agency of the State Mass Transit programme in Imo State. It was commissioned on Wednesday, August 24, 1988 and incorporated the same year as a private limited liability company under the company’s Act of 1968 as amended. It is a parastatal under the State Ministry of Works, Housing and Transport. It was commissioned by the then Military Governor of the State-Commander Amadi Ikwechegh.
On inception in August 1988, the company’s total fleet size was only twenty (20) buses, made up of 10 Nos. – 0365 42 – seater Mercedes Benz Buses and 10 Nos. J5-17 seater Peugeot Buses. These buses were thinly distributed over nine operational routes. Today, the story is different in term of fleet size and operational routes.
The ITC bus operations aim at catering for the three major areas of transport demand in Imo State. These are the urban, inter-urban and the inter-state travel demands. However, in the actual distribution of its services, the ITC reasonably emphasizes the inter-Urban travel demands even as modalities for the commencement of urban services are being worked out. The company has its headquarters at Owerri with the following facilities that comprise the waiting hall, fuel dump, workshop for repairs of vehicles and parking facilities for individuals within the neighborhood.
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF THE COMPANY (ITC)
The ITC Ltd. has a general manager as its Chief Executive who is responsible to the Board of Director. The company has four major departments namely; Administrative Department, Account, Maintenance and Traffic Department, The Audit, Public Relation and Security Offices are attached to the office of the General Manager.
Each of these departments has a management staff in charge that controls and co-ordinates the day-to-day affairs and is answerable to the General Manager and Chief Executive.
System that is used by the staff at the counter currently is an internal system and just used to sell the bus ticket at the counter. Customer has to go to the counter to buy bus ticket or ask for bus schedule. Furthermore, customers need to pay cash when they buy the bus ticket and sometimes needs to queue up long time to get the bus ticket. Besides that, customer also not allowed to buy bus ticket through telephone and the bus company’s telephone always-busy line.
The method to solve this problem is to create an online buying bus ticket system. Customer can buy the bus ticket over the Internet, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and the bus ticket can’t be lost, stolen or left behind. In addition, the online system lets the customers check the availability of the bus ticket before they buy bus ticket. Furthermore, customers no need to pay cash to buy bus ticket because they can pay the bus ticket by using Credit Card (e.g. Master Card, Visa Card).
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of the online buying /booking bus ticket system is to provide another way for customers to buy bus ticket and to provide an on-line system which will help to speed up services rendered to customers. The main objectives of the online booking/ticketing system are listed below:
- To provide a web-based buying bus ticket functions. Customer can buy bus ticket through the online system and no need to queue up to buy bus ticket in the counter.
- To provide anytime anyplace service for the customer. Customer can buy bus ticket 24 hours a day, 7 days a week over the Internet.
- To enable customer to check the availability of the bus ticket online. Customer can check the time departure and arrival for every Transnational’s bus through the system.
- To ease the bus ticket payment by online. Customer has to pay the bus ticket by Credit Card.
- To minimize the number of staff at the ticket box, the numbers of staff at the counter can be reduce after the online buying bus ticket system launch.
1.3 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The online system is an easy-to-use self-service system which enables the customer buys bus ticket online and pays the bus ticket through Credit Card. Customers can register as a member if they want before they buy bus ticket. Customer has to check the availability of the bus ticket before they buy the bus ticket. After buying the bus ticket successfully online, the customer can get the bus ticket by printing out the bus ticket and give the bus ticket to the bus driver when he/she wants to take bus.
Besides departure place, arriving place, departure date, departure time and ticket number, the bus ticket also wills states the seat number that assigned by the system automatically. The customer has to sit in the bus according to the seat number. After the existence of Bus Ticket Reservation System, the customer does not need to go to the counter to check availability of the bus ticket and to queue up long queue to buy bus ticket anymore. Besides the customer, another user of the system is Transnational’s staff. Company staffs need to upload new information to the online system so that customer can check the availability of the bus ticket. Furthermore, for the customers that queue up in the counter, staff can sell bus ticket to the customer after check bus ticket availability through the Bus Ticket Reservation System and print the bus ticket to the customer after customer pay the bus ticket. Bus Ticket Reservation System will be developed by using System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) methodology. Platform for this system is any suitable Microsoft Windows operating system.
The limitations are time and cost of transportation constraint, lack of fund in carrying out the project work in full and insufficient material such as textbooks.
As mentioned in the previous section, the online system is new system, It is very important to company’s customer, bus company and all. It is important to customer because customer can check availability of the bus ticket, buy bus ticket, and pay the bus ticket online. E-ticket is different with traditional paper ticket because e-ticket is safer, faster, reliable and cheaper. Besides that, this concept can be used by other bus companies to provide better customer service. The profit for the bus company will be increased because the online system will attract more customers and no need to hire many staffs at the counter to sell bus ticket because ticket can be sold efficiently online. On-line ticketing increase the speed with which access is made to data. Hence data can be retrieved or processed when necessary. However, in on-line ticketing and travel reservation system data are:
- Collected in full with accuracy
- Generated at appropriate time
- Kept up-to-date and accurate in file process properly, accurately to provide good information.
- Browser: This is a program that allows user to access documents on the World Wide Web (WWW). Browsers can be either text or graphic.
- E-Ticket: E-ticket (electronic ticket) is used to represent the purchase of a seat for a passenger through a website. This form of ticketing is rapidly replacing the old paper tickets. It exists only as a digital record in the transportation industry.
- Graphics: This is the picture that computers display. Not text but just about everything else.
- Internet: Internet (international network of computer) is a system of computer network connected to one another from different parts of the world, forming a very large network. Internet is an example of global area network.
- Online: This is when something is connected to a computer or controlled by a computer or to the Internet.
- Protocol: This is the agreed method computer used to communicate with each other. It can be also define as a convention or agreement between the operating system of two machines on what messages may contain.
- Reservation: This means arranging for a seat, ticket to be kept for the use of a particular person.
- Server: This is a program or a computer that responds to request from other program and delivers the requested document. It can also be defined as a central computer that supervises the control of the network activities of other computer on a network.
- Transportation: Is the means of traveling from one place to another.
- WebPages: This is an individual page on the Internet. Every time you click on a link you are taken to a new web page.
- Website: It is a collection of related files this term describes a particular company’s users, or organization’s web pages served up by a web server.
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