HATCHERY AND GROWTH MANAGEMENT OF CLARIAS GARIEPINUS UP TO TABLE SIZE AT AOCOED AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT HATCHERY UNIT
ABSTRACT
This research focus on the Hatchery and Growth Management of Clarias Gariepinus up to table size which makes it possible to obtain out of season supply of fry and fingerlings also to contribute to the fast growth of fisheries and has brought about development to the economy of most African countries. The mean increase in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), and weight with time over the entire larval period can be approximated by a cubic or exponential growth mode. However, the growth rate indices specific growth rate (k) and the regression coefficient of a cube root transformation of the weight data (b), both vary significantly when measured over successive short intervals from first feeding in particular, the onset on air breathing is associated with a significant depression in growth rate. The variation in specific growth rate (k) with larval age closely approximates the relationship between mean % increase in body weight per day and larval age; however, the cube root regression coefficient does not share this property. In addition to the effect of larval age the growth rate of African catfish larvae is significantly affected by the initial density at which they are stocked (between 25 and 250 larvae/1) and interactions between age and stocking density. Survival over the larval period of 80% or more, is apparently unaffected by initial stocking density between 50 and 250 larvae/1; however, the onset of air breathing in particular is associated with an increase in fish deaths. The research finding is of great importance to fish farmerserving as indicator of the physiological status and helping to prevent and control pathologies related to stress. However, our present study revealed that Claris Gariepinus infected with bacteria can be effectively treated with Moringa Oleifera bark extract at 25% concentration without adverse effect.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of contents vi
Chapter one
Introduction 1
Background of the study 1
Statement of the study 3
Purpose of the study 3
Arms and objectives of the study 4
Significance of the study 4
Scope and limitation of the study 5
Research question 5
Definitions of terms 6
Chapter Two
Literature review 8
Importance of fishing 11
Laming of fish pond 13
Types of lime in fishery 14
Hydrogen ion concentrations 14
Alkalinity of fish pond 15
Hardness of fish row 15
Feeding of the fish in pond 15
Stocking of fish pond 16
Weed control of fish pond 17
Chapter Three
Introduction 18
Location 18
Material Needed 18
Methods and Procedures 18
Selection of Brood Stocks (Recipient and Donor Fish)
Pituitary Gland 20
Spawning 21
Fertilization 22
Rearing of Larvae/Fry 22
Feeding of Fry 23
Fish Fingerlings 23
Water Management 24
Mortality 24
Chapter Four
Result and Discussions 26
Chapter five
Summary 30
Conclusion 30
Recommendations 30
References 32
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Aquaculture in Nigeria is in the developing stage, because it has not been able to meet the demand and supply of the ever-increasing population. It is acknowledged as the efficient means of providing food which is rich in protein source, income, and employment opportunities for the populace. Madu (1998) noted that interest in fish culture is growing very rapidly in Nigeria but the scarcity of fingerlings of widely acceptable species of catfish as Hetere-branchus longifilis (Val. 1840)
Background of the study
Fish farming is the act of rearing selected species of fish under scientifically controlled condition in enclosed bodies of water such as pounds, streams, rivers etc, where they feed, spawn, breed and are harvested at maturity for consumption and their uses (up to table size)
By introducing fish into your pond, you have assumed the responsibility for the care of these creatures. This includes not only feeding them but also providing them with a healthy environment in which they can live and hatch. Fish hatchery involves the activitie4s of rearing and procreating fish in an enclosed body of water or in captivities.
Blackburn D.Y (1984) defined hatchery as a means or facility where eggs are hatched under artificial conditions especially fish eggs.
Fish farming in Nigeria, Brenda Rodgers & Army (1984) opined that the brooders used for the experiment were obtained, mentioned that economically productive aquaculture from a private farm in Ilorin and Minna Fish Market, agriculture is heavily dependent on adequate supply. They were kept separately in 150cm X 150cm seed or fertile egg and juvenile fish, to outdoor concrete tanks at the farm and were fed, stock the pond, enclosures and other culture systems, maintenance ration containing 35% crude protein feed.
Fish culture today is hardly imagined without the formulated feed before use on the farm, brooders selection. Hatching and rearing of frys or seed in a well protected condition for easy supply and culturing in an enclosure bodies. The techniques makes frys and fingerlings available throughout the season and be superior to their ancestors due to breeding which improves fish production.
The procreation or propagation of any fish depends on the parental care given to the eggs, larvae and fry. Development of simple methods and techniques for indigenous zooplankton production would, not only improve the hatching management of catfish but would also reduce the cost of production and improve profit margin of hatchery operation because Artemia is expensive due to import tariff.
Statement of the study
Literature of agricultural science is growing unarguably. However, there are still wide gaps in many areas of it and for this reason; this study will examine the hatchery and growth management of clarias gariepinus up to consumption size.
Purpose of the study
The purpose of this study is to assess the growth rate and know the management of clarias gariepinus.
Aims and Objectives of the study
The main aim of this study is to investigate the management of clarias gariepinus breeding with a view to identifying the use of ova-prim hormones. In order to achieve this aim, a specific objective has to be considered.
- Tracing the historical background of breeding of clarias gariepinus.
- Providing information on agricultural practice of breeding clarias gariepinus.
- Establishing of agricultural gaps involved in the practice or breeding of clarias gariepinus.
- Examining the hatchery and growth management of clarias gariepinus up to table size.
Significance of the study
- It makes farmers to use appropriate techniques in the breeding of clarias gariepinus.
- To make fish seeds available throughout the season.
- To make farmers to be self employed.
- To teach farmers on management of effective hatching.
- To maximize profit for the fish farmers.
- To provide calcium and phosphorous needed for bone development in man and lives stock.
- To make aquaculture or fish farming students to be competent and resourceful.
Scope of study
The study was limited to the analysis of hatchery and growth management of clarias gariepinus up to table size in AOCOED fish pond.
Research questions
The research questions on hatchery and growth management of clarias gariepinus up to table size are:
- What will be survival percentage (%) of larva (fry) after hatching?
- What can be the causes of mortality after hatching?
- What is the management and growth required for breeding clarias gariepinus?
- Are the materials to be used effective for breeding clarias gariepinus?
- Which types of hormones should be used for breeding clarias gariepinus for effectiveness?
- Does hatchery and growth management influenced through laboratory testing?
Definitions of terms
Hatchery: An installation or building in which the hatching of fish, poultry egg is artificially controlled for commercial purpose.
Larvae: It is the first stage of development after hatching of egg.
Fry: This is young fish or fish seed that has just been hatched to about 0.01gm – 0.5gm length and about 0.1gm – 0.5gm of body weight.
Fingerlings: These are matured fish developed to 3mm – 5mm body size with 3gm – 5gm body weight.
Breeding: is the term used for an animal kept for the purpose of producing young ones.
Fish: is cold blooded animals living in water.
Aquaculture: is the farming of aquatic organism e.g. fish and molasses.
Management: is the act of control and organism in some processes.
Growth: increase in size, development or weight.
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