APPLICATION OF INFORMATION, COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY (ICT) TOOLS FOR EFFECTIVE LEARNING ON TERTIARY INSTITUTION ( A CASE STUDY OF GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOL OTO-IJANIKIN).
ABSTRACT
It is widely accepted that the integration of modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into the teaching learning process has great potential. In fact, it could be the most important way by which states can meet their educational aspirations within reasonable time and resources. The use of computers in Elementary schools is basically vision as a teaching and learning aid besides to develop computer literacy amongst the children. Computer aided learning will help us to make the present teaching learning process joyful, interesting and easy to understand through audio-visual aids. Teachers will be resourced with Multimedia Contents to explain topics better. Overall it will help us to improve quality of education in long learn.
Development of Multimedia Based Educational Content. The Multimedia Based Educational Content will be developed in local languages/mediums besides English on the identified hard spots in Science, Mathematics and English subjects. These will be used for improved and enhance teaching-learning process in classrooms. Concepts hard to visualize, simulations and dynamic processes will be explained through good and effective graphics, sound, animations and video clips based on imaginative analogies and components locally available, commonly noticed by the children in real life.
The developed Multimedia Based Educational Content with an aim to help acquire knowledge, reinforce learning, and will go beyond to include conceptual clarity of the knowledge acquired.
Adequate levels of visualization will be achieved through extensive use of graphics, simulation of laboratory models or experiments, animation, and good quality audio & video clippings. The interactivity provided by ICT will be effectively used to bridge gap between active learning and passive teaching and make learning a more interesting and enriching experience.
The teacher-training programme can also been planned with an aim to providing exposure and familiarization to computer and multimedia based technology tools that can be productively used to improve and enhance teaching learning in the classroom.
Computer Literacy should be a most to any student who tends to achieve more in education. Usage and hands-on sessions on basic applications for teachers and also for selected students will be tried to incorporate during the later phase of the project.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v-vi
Table of content vii-ix
CHAPTER ONE
Background of the study 1-2
Purpose of the study 2
Statement of the problem 3
Research questions 4
Hypothesis 4-5
Significant of the study 5
Scope and Delimitation of the study 5
Definition of terms 6
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Introduction 7
2.1 Education system and policy in Nigeria 7-9
2.2 Computer as a learning tool 10-15
2.3 Argument of people over the use of computer system 15-21
2.4 The benefit of Computer assisted instruction in teaching & learning 22-23
2.5 Factors affecting the implementation of Computer Aided Instruction 24
2.6 The role of Government in Computer Aided Instruction 25-26
2.7 The impact of internet on teaching and learning 26-44
2.8 Technology aspect and approach to teach virtual students 45-52
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Introduction 53
3.2 Design 53
3.3 Area of study 54
3.4 Population 54
3.5 Sample and Sampling Procedure 54
3.6 Instrument and Data collection 54
3.7 Reliability of instrument 55
3.8 Method of Data collection 55
3.9 Method of Data analysis 55
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Introduction 56-64
4.2 Discussion and findings 65
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Summary 66
5.2 Conclusion 67
5.3 Recommendation 67-68
5.4 Suggestions for further research 69
QUESTIONNAIRE 69-71
REFERENCES 72
CHAPTER 1
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Many decades ago, different attempts have been made to reach to people as regard to what was behind the computer’s effective performance. The only area of people’s focus is that to the computer’s physical component, which hardware of the computer is strictly. The inevitable part of the computer that supports or gives the reality and rigidness to the hardware (physical component) is called the software. Due to people habit toward only the physical component (hardware), much awareness has no been paid toward software’s existence as part of the major part of the computer.
Hence educational system suffers a lot due to lack of effective software, to perform some task in teaching and learning processes in our tertiary institutions most especially, student should not be totally depended on their teachers i.e. there should be a guidance or searcher to assist the teacher at home or assist students at their leisure time or at their own pace which is the basic concern of the computer Aided learning software (CALS), to solve some educational problems of the students.
The only avenue or instrument to achieve this task is the computer aided learning Software developed to guide the student, guide teaching and learning ability in modern education.
Lack of awareness and people’s nonchalant attitude, which gives rise to some computer literates to be computer aided learning Software (CALS) ignorance / illiterate, shall be properly discussed in this Research study in other to define and review the background to the study and this, shall be explained under sub heading.
Computer can be defined as a device which works under the control of a stored program, automatically accepting and processing data to provide information which in the result of the processing.
It must be noted according to the above stated definition, that what gives rise or the computer effective performance is a stored program(s) i.e. a package of a tool within it. The store program or package is called SOFTWARE. Therefore what is software?
Any type of computer has two major parts, these are – hardware and software.
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
This research topic is focused on the application and effectiveness of Computer Aided Learning Software (CALS) in teaching and learning processes.
Findings from Tertiary Institutions in general have shown that some students of tertiary institutions can neither identify given software nor know its usefulness. Hence, the reason for this research, which is aimed at correcting and solving the statement of the problem stated below.
This study is also aimed to develop CALS (Computer Aided Learning Software) as a Tutorial for solving a given mathematical problem using BASIC PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE.
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Due to lack of recent computer aided learning software (CALS), in some of our higher institution, courses that would have improved the programming domains of the learners have not been fully inculcated into teaching and learning, where ever it is adopted, there would be no or little knowledge to boost their Software Orientation Aspirations. Even many Tertiary Institutions used outdated Software for Teaching and Learning rather than sophisticated and modernized Computer Aided learning Software (CALS) for teaching and learning. E.g. Pascal, FORTRAN, e.t.c.
Computer Aided learning Software (CALS) in our Tertiary Institution should have a general course under general study like English Language, so that all and sundries can understand and learn computer at their own pace.
Most students have not really realized the important of Computer Aided Learning Software (CALS) in our Tertiary Institutions. Computer Aided Learning Software (CALS) has not been used effectively in our tertiary Institutions. People have not really known the different between the computer Hardware and Software including even its’ features. For instance a firewall is a protective system that lies, in essence, between your computer network and the Internet. When used correctly, a firewall prevents unauthorized use and access to your network. The job of a firewall is to carefully analyze data entering and exiting the network based on your configuration. It ignores information that comes from unsecured, unknown or suspicious locations. A firewall plays an important role on any network as it provides a protective barrier against most forms of attack coming from the outside world. Firewall could either be hardware or software.
Student’s lack of rudimental knowledge about application software has caused the students setbacks in programming. E.g. using BASIC PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE for solving a given mathematical problem. The educational system will not suffer any set back due to effective use of Computer Aided Learning Software.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESIONS
This research sought to answer the following:
- does the research say the effects of computer-aided learning software (CALS) on student outcomes in literacy?
- Does the research say the effect is relative to other types of interventions?
- Does the research say the preconditions for computer-aided learning software (CALS) to be optimally effective in relation to student learning outcomes in literacy?
- Are school that have experienced computer-aided learning software (CALS) reporting about their views of the pre-conditions necessary for effective use of computer-aided learning software again in relation to student learning outcomes in literacy?
1.5 HYPOTHESIS
The hypotheses used in this study are the Null and the Alternative hypotheses. Null Hypotheses as ‘‘the relationship not exist between or among the variables under study’’ while the Alternative Hypotheses ‘‘is the relationship that exist between variable under study’’. The Null Hypotheses is denoted by Ho while the Alternative Hypotheses is denoted by Hi (George and Ogunjimi, 2000).
HYPOTHESIS 1:
Ho: ‘‘There is no significant effect of modern computer-aided learning software (CALS) which will enhance modern of Teaching and Learning process’’
Hi: ‘‘There is significant effect of modern computer-aided learning software (CALS) which will enhance modern of Teaching and Learning process’’
HYPOTHESIS 2:
Ho: ‘‘There is no significant positive change of attitude of students towards the inception or adoption of computer-aided learning software (CALS) in Teaching and Learning process’’
Hi: ‘‘There is significant positive change of attitude towards the inception or adoption computer-aided learning software (CALS) in Teaching and Learning process’’
HYPOTHESIS 3:
Ho: ‘‘There is no significant reality towards the importance and existence of computer-aided learning software (CALS) in Teaching and Learning process’’
Hi: ‘‘There is significant reality towards the importance and existence of computer-aided learning software (CALS) in Teaching and Learning process’’
1.6 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY
The findings of this study will help to
- Assist in looking into the existing modern software and the related computer-aided learning software (CALS) which must be strictly adopted into Tertiary level in the delivery of course content.
- Educate learners on the benefits and reliability of the computer-aided learning software (CALS) in Teaching and Learning process.
1.7 SCOPE/ DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Due to the time and duration constraint which finally limits the length of this Research to a given circular area, though a lot of eagerness, effort and stress were put toward the study, but it was quite unfortunate that few Institutions were selected for sample and cannot serve or represent the whole National Institutions. In order to put together a very complete project , the scope and delimitations of this study is strictly limited to the students of Lagos State University of Education Otto-Ijanikin Lagos.
1.8 DEFINITION OF THE TERMS
Learning – is acquiring new or modifying existing knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences and may involve synthesizing different types of information.
Software – is a collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it. In other words, software is a conceptual entity which is a set of computer programs, procedures, and associated documentation concerned with the operation of a data processing system.
Teaching – is an act of provides education for pupils (children) and students (adults). The role of teacher is often formal and ongoing, carried out at a school or other place of formal education. In many countries, a person who wishes to become a teacher must first obtain specified professional qualifications or credentials from a university or college.
Institution – is any structure or mechanism of social order and cooperation governing the behavior of a set of individuals within a given human community. Institutions are identified with a social purpose and permanence, transcending individual human lives and intentions, and with the making and enforcing of rules governing cooperative human behavior.
Computer Aided Learning Software – can be defined as a tool or packages developed as an application packages or as a user defined program to assist the learners to learn at their own pace.
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