A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON IMPACT OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND SOCIETAL ACHIEVEMENT IN NIGERIA POLITICS
ABSTRACT
This study discusses the impacts of political participation and societal achievements in Nigeria politics. The study was done under five chapters, each chapter dealing with one aspect or the other of the research. The instrument for the data collection was the questionnaire, while the method used to analyse the collected data was chi-square correlation co-efficient at 0.05 level of significance. Four hypotheses were developed for testing. The study concluded that political participation have great impact on the societal achievements in Nigeria Politics. Finally, the researcher made some recommendations that would be helpful in dealing with the cases of political apathy in Nigeria.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract vi
Table of contents vii-viii
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the problem 3
1.3 Purpose of the study 4
1.4 Research questions 4
1.5 Research hypothesis 5
1.6 Significance of the study 5
1.7 Scope/Delimitation 6
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review 7-40
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Research design 41
3.3 Population of the study 41
3.4 Sample and sampling procedure 42
3.5 Instrument and instrumentation 42
3.6 Data analysis 43
CHAPTER FOUR
Data analysis results and interpretation 45-61
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Summary 61
5.2 Conclusion 62
5.3 Recommendations 62
5.4 Implication for further studies 64
References 65
Appendixes 66-68
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
The study of political participation has been a great interest to political scientists and other researchers at large. As a matter of fact, some scholars have carried out some research on the issue of political participation (for instance, Abraham Maslow (1970), Thomas Hobbes (1651), Aristotle, Lasswell, etc, all contributed to the study of political participation.
However, research evidences shows that there are different class of people which are involved in politics with different aim of achievements. For Instance, Thomas Hobbes in his book “The Leviathan (1615), said that every man in the state of nature decided to lay off their individual sovereignty because of the fear of insecurity”. This shows that some participate in politics due to the insecurity of the state, while other authors argued that man’s participation in politics is on the need for achievements, that is, the need for national economic development and societal benefits.
It is also asserted that the struggle for achievements goes with “power”. Power is regarded as a compensating factor for feelings of deprivation. In other words, people who suffered in their early lives seek for political power to wipe away their childhood tears.
In political participation, there is always stratification or class which could be classified or categorized into three categories viz:
The upper class, the middle class and the lower class. These three classes are rates at which individual personality is divided in the society, and its influence on political participation.
People of the upper class influence the society, because they are the rich ones, popularly known and are men of integrity. The set of people in this class could be equated with men participating in politics at the gladiatorial level, which is the level of political participation in which people are actively involved in politics. Avosetinyen (2006).
The middle class are people that are averagely rich, they are educated and they also have a say in the society. In the common types of political participation as enumerated by Avosetinyen, M. S., one can categorise the men of middle class with those participating in politics at the transitional level. According to Avosetinyen, (2006), Transitional activities in political participation involves people attending political rallies and meetings, and making monetary contributions to the party or candidate standing for elections.
The lower class is the set of people that are poor, illiterate and they hardly get involved in societal issues which might benefit them and the society at large. They are the set of people that Avosetinyen M. S. (2006) might refer to men participating in politics at spectator level since he believed that spectator activities in politics only involves the wearing of crested vests of political parties, putting party stickers on one’s and displaying party symbols on doors, campaigning for people to vote for a particular political parties.
Since the level of involvement of people in politics in a society has direct meaning to the societal development, the findings on the impact of political participation on societal development can not be over emphasized.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Political participation is a progressive phenomenon to the societal development in which the class differences has been a setback or a problem to people that have a positive motive to disseminate to the society.
However, this study is to enlighten people to participate in politics so as to ensure societal development.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study is summarized as follows:
To find out the levels at which people participate in politics.
To find out the economic benefits or the societal gains that are included in political participation
To Find out the importance of political participation to the lower class.
To find out how class differences affect political participation.
To find out the impact of political participation in Nigeria politics
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- Is there any class stratification in Nigeria political participation?
- What is the general attitude of people towards political participation?
- What are the influence of the class differences in politics?
- What is the outcome of people that participate in politics at the spectator level?
- Will people participation in politics bring about positive societal change?
- Is there any means of educating the lower class on the need for political participation of social change?
- What are the chances of the upper class in politics to the disadvantages of the people in the lower class?
- Will political participation change the influence of class difference in politics?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
Ho1: People’s opinion towards political participation depends on age, education and sex.
Ho2: Class differences significantly affect the political participation negatively.
Ho3: People of the lower class participation in politics will not bring about any positive societal change.
Ho4: Educational background of people does not determine their political participation.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The level at which people see and participate in politics differs, because some feel is a dirty game, while others believe it is a neat game. With fear and ignorance of people about politics, many people are fond of participating just at the transitional or spectator level.
The result of this study will provide the basis for effective participation of people in politics. It will help to reduce the number of people that are participating in politics at the spectator level, and increase the number of people that participate at the gladiatorial and transitional level. It will also help in organizing the political platform of Badagry Local Government Area and boost their economic standard as a societal benefits.
1.7 SCOPE/DELIMITATION
This study will focus mainly on the attitudes of people towards political participation and societal development in Badagry Local Government Area.
However, it shall be limited to some selected politicians, prominent people of Badagry and some other ordinary inhabitants of the society because of the financial status of the researchers and time at disposal.
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